Lizard's Tail, PA Ecotype. Gmelin) Palla (soft-steam bulrush. 5 to 2. Softstem Bulrushes compress easily, almost as if there is no pith inside; these spongy cells are loosely packed usually numbering about 5-12 across the diameter. Hardstem bulrush is a perennial, rhizomatous, wetland obligate species that reaches up to 3 m (10 ft) in height and forms. The wettest sites, where water stands into or through summer, are characterized by hardstem bulrush (Schoenoplectus acutus), often occurring as a near monoculture, or with a fringe of softstem bulrush (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani) or common threesquare (Schoenoplectus pungens) along slightly drier margins. This indicates that the softstem bulrush may remain active, in contrast with the observed decline of microbial activity in the floating mats (M). As a group, bulrushes are annual or perennial wetland or aquatic plants that can be found growing in clumps or over a large area of shallow water. Inflorescence usually open with small clusters of spikelets on tips of spreading to erect peduncles. Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (Softstem Bulrush) from $1. The stems are round, smooth, and are easily crushed between the fingers. ,. 5-3 m. 52 Add to cart; Add to Wishlist. 5% OFF orders of 2 or more flats of any species from Pizzo Native Plant Nursery. Buttonbush (Cepahlanthus occidentalis)Family CYPERACEAE (Sedge Family) The Sedge Family is a large taxonomically difficult one with 83 species in 10 genera occurring on the Area. $3. Conifers. 1. 5 m) above or 0. 00 0. フトイの花の咲く時期について。水生植物園では、5月初めに花が咲き始めていますし、国立科学博物館の附属植物園では、5月はじめにフトイの花が見ごろ、という情報もあったりするのですが(参考3)、自分の見た図鑑やサイトには、花期 7月~と書い. It grows in shallow water, fresh or brackish, in ponds. 30 % Scirpus cyperinus, PA Ecotype Woolgrass, PA Ecotype 115. • Plant matter phosphorus content in river bulrush decreasedBulrush Marsh Bulrush Bed State Rank S4 Community Description Tall rushes and other non-persistent graminoids dominate this lakeshore or rivershore community. Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils. Common: softstem bulrush . 00 0. "The naturally developing wetland was more powerful, the planted wetland. Individual Seed Species. Management Recommendations. 05 Scirpus cyperinus Woolgrass 0. It prefers to grow in marshes, streams, and lakes in stagnant shallow water with a muddy or sandy bottom. 00 Add to cart; Add to Wishlist. Indigenous tribes wove the leaves and stalks into. 00 0. It can be found throughout the world, growing in many types of moist and wet habitat, and sometimes in shallow water. The stems are unusually spongy and grow 5-6’ tall and. Actinoscirpus grossus (also called Mensiang, Greater club-rush, Giant bulrush). 1% Lobelia siphilitica, PA Ecotype (Great Blue Lobelia, PA Ecotype) 0. e) BULRUSH, THREE-SQUARE (Scirpus pungens) SCPU - Triangular-stemmed plant that grows 4 to 6 feet high. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like coastal and wetland ecosystmes, intertidal zone, rocky shores and more. The stems are unusually spongy and grow 5-6’ tall and. For best infiltration, the bottom of the rain garden should be level. C. 0 mg L −1. Classification for Kingdom Plantae Down to Species Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C. softstem bulrush. Scirpus validus) is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known by the common names softstem bulrush and great bulrush. Construction can begin once garden size, shape, location and plants have been decided. J. Chesterfield, MO 63017Bulrush, Dark Green, 26 Hardstem, 26 Softstem, 27 Three-square, 27 Grama, Side-oats, 28 Grass Blue Grama, 28 Bluejoint, 29 Fowl Manna, 29 June, 30 Poverty, 30 Little Bluestem, 31 Prairie Dropseed. This plant was identified as a new species in 1962, by Dr. validus). Other. The culms are upright or curved with no obvious leaf blades. Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (Soft-stem Bulrush): Minnesota Wildflowers. 70 % Carex scoparia, PA Ecotype Blunt Broom Sedge, PA Ecotype 81. 50-count deep plugs, full flat (50 plugs) $143. Gmelin)Palla (soft-stem bulrush or lake clubrush) wereinvestigated during the second and third growthseasons in four equivalent subsurface-flow, gravel-bedconstructed treatment wetlands. Scirpus tabermontanii is commonly used for soil stabilization around pond edges and nutrient and heavy metal up. Scirpus validus) is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known by the common names softstem bulrush, grey club-rush, and great bulrush. BACKGROUND: The removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution was studied using softstem bulrush (Scirpus tabernaemontani Gmel. tall, dark green, smooth, slightly 3-angled; leaf blades none, just sheaths; inflorescence at stem tip but appears to be on the side of the top of the stem, irregular drooping branches, each branch having brown spikelets; bract rolled, pointed, to. These evergreen perennials are popularly used for ponds or water gardens, providing shelter and a food source for wildfowl. Culms terminate in a 6” wide compound umbel. (Green Bulrush, PA Ecotype) 0. 0. Each spikelet can have 50. Soft-stem bulrush might first be noticed as a large colony of stems growing in marshes, streams and ponds nearly throughout Florida (Wunderlin, 2003). About Us. A constructed wetland treatment system consisting of subsurface flow (SSF) wetland cells, sand filters, and final effluent wetlands was found to be effective in removing carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD) and total suspended solids (TSS) to below 30 and 10 mg L-1, respectively. 07 Schoenoplectus acutus Hardstem Bulrush 1. Carex folliculata. Next time you are in a patch of soft-stem bulrush take a look at a cross-section of one of the stems and note the air filled cavities within. North Creek Nurseries , PA: 50-count deep plugs, full flat (50 plugs) $181. Native plants are always the best choice for use in landscapes, restoration projects, storm water projects, and naturalized areas. [Smooth white violet] V. Location in Taxonomic Tree . 32 0. $1. Growing in dense clumps, this bulrush typically reaches heights of 4 to 6 feet, forming a striking vertical presence in wetland and aquatic habitats. ) Soják - swaying bulrush P: Schoenoplectus subulatus (Vahl) Lye - bulrush P: Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C. Seeds of bulrushes are consumed by ducks and other birds; while geese, muskrats, and nutria consume the rhizomes and early shoots. Schoenoplectus heterochaetus × Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani → Schoenoplectus ×steinmetzii (Fern. 1 to 0. Production Genetic . Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (syn. You will also find useful keys, diagrams, and photos to help you recognize the common species in the field. It spreads, sometimes aggressively, to form dense colonies on shorelines or in shallow water. As a group, bulrushes are annual or perennial wetland or aquatic plants that can be found growing in clumps or over a large area of shallow water. One of the tallest bulrush species that can grow almost ten feet tal. POACEAE: GRASSES • Floret: the highly reduced flower of grasses • Spikelet: a small spike with reduced flowers on a central axis • Pedicel: the stalk of the spikelet • Glumes: the sterile, scale-like leaves at the base of a grass spikelet • Lemmas: the lowermost, scale-like leaves at the base of a grass floret • Ligule: in grasses, a papery, hairy or membrane-like. In Montana hardstem bulrush colonizes newly exposed mudflats and drawdown areas . PA Ecotype (Fox Sedge. C. 0% Leersia o' 0. FACW Wetland Meadow Seed Mix . It is similar to another large native sedge, Scirpus californicus. Mix formulations are subiectto ch. Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (syn. Habit: hardstem bulrush despite its common name is an erect giant species of sedge with long cylindrical to angular gray green stems. 5 m (8ft 2in). 00 % Vernonia noveboracensis, PA Ecotype New York Ironweed, PA Ecotype 264. Scirpus validus creber is a PERENNIAL growing to 1. validus). 70 % Carex scoparia, PA Ecotype Blunt Broom Sedge, PA Ecotype 81. 5% Scirpus expansus, PA Ecotype (Wood Bulrush, PA Ecotype) General Product Information. Schoenoplectus . 36 15. Clevering’s experiments with this species 1. It is fairly drought tolerant; it can persist through several years of dry conditions. 00 0. Full sun, wet to moderately wet moisture level, tolerates a range of soils including clay, loam, peat or sandy, strongly acid to neutral pH. 5% Scirpus a 0. For example, treatment. Common three-square, lance-leaved violet, arrowhead, one-flowered muhly grass, hardstem and softstem bulrush, strict sedge, and cat tail. It blooms from spring to summer and occurs almost always under. Charity No. 00 0. The plant is salt tolerant and does well in poorly drained areas. 31 0. Data Source. One of the showier bulrushes. This community type occurs along lake and pond margins, on mudflats, and in shallow water—both tidal and non-tidal. Submerged portions of all aquatic plants provide habitats for many micro and macro. tabernaemontani [Softstem bulrush] Scirpus [Bulrush] S. Species Characteristics. Species ecotype shall be as native to New. Both bulrush species removed more P than Calamagrostis canadensis, Spartina pectinata, and Carex stricta. 0% 'uncus 2. The same reason may also explain the difference between the pickerelweed and softstem bulrush, which were planted on the regular FTW on the same date. 4% Carex stipata, PA Ecotype (Awl Sedge, PA Ecotype) 0. 20. 04 The study evaluated pickerelweed (PW, Pontederia cordata L. Softstem Bulrush stock photos are available in a variety of sizes and formats to fit your needs. great bulrush (English) 1 reference. Tule marshes (Scirpus-Typha). They share the same reproductive cycle, history of human use, and growth requirements, but Softstem Bulrush tends to do a bit better in more mucky substrates, and Hardstem does better in more windswept parts of lakes. Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, also known as Great Bulrush or Softstem Bulrush, is a magnificent wetland plant that boasts both aesthetic and ecological appeal. Such a mechanism is fostered by microbes within the attached biofilms. Rosa virginiana – Low pasture rose. PA Ecotype) vtrgnitus, PA Ecotype (Virginia Wildrye, PA Ec PA Ecotype (Hop Sedge, PA EcotYIF) rida, PA Ecotype (Lurid Sedge, PA Ecotype) PA Ecotype (Blunt Broom Sedge, PA Ec 'tris (Fowl Bluegrass) Home / Wet OBL-FA( Mix 20. Our New Seed Finder Tool simplifies your product search. 2. All pictures are contributed by our community. 00 Add to cart; Add to Wishlist. Listed Status: US. It grows in. Full sun, wet to moderately wet moisture level, tolerates a range of soils including clay, loam, peat or sandy, strongly acid to neutral pH. 2% in the FTW treatments planted with the pickerelweed and softstem bulrush, respectively. Native Americans used the leaves and stalks to weave mats, baskets and bags, and they ate the roots, young shoots, and seed. Keep the soil saturated until. Cultivars, Improved and Selected Materials (and area of origin) Contact your local Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly Soil Conservation Service) office for more information. PA Ecotype. IMPACTS OF AN OIL SPILL ON SOFTSTEM BULRUSH-DOMINATED MARSHES IN WABAMUN LAKE 3 residual effects on the bulrush plants; however, the activities (treatments) used to remove and clean up the oil has had negative effects in some areas that were likely exacerbated by prevailing area characteristics. Aquascapes Unlimited’s seed sown local ecotype species add natural wildlife benefits, promote biodiversity, and oftentimes require less maintenance in terms of fertilizers and pesticides. Scirpus expansus, PA Ecotype Wood Bulrush, PA Ecotype Very rhizomatous species; provides cover for wildlife. The softstem bulrush may require a longer period of time to adapt to the new habitat and provide nutrient control benefits. 62 0. no drawdown) on plant growth in 24 microcosms were. Many new biomaterials have been reported to remove MB, such as rice husk [4], hazelnut shells [1], spent coffee grounds [5], sawdust [6][7][8], peanut hull [9], wheat shells [10], softstem bulrush. Note the reddish brown spikeles in the inflorescence t and the thick stems which can be. PLANTFILES. Photo Credit: Bryce Olson, NPS. Soft-stemmed bulrush Herbaceous Layer, D ominant P-SEDGE, COOL SEASON 3 496000 . Many Leaved Bulrush Scirpus polyphyllus x x x x Softstem Bulrush Scirpus validus (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani) x x x *Available as seedlings from Earth Sangha or Hill House Nursery SEDGES;Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (Softstem Bulrush) - 31 images at PhytoImages. 2% in the FTW treatments planted with the pickerelweed and softstem bulrush, respectively. Find the exact seeds you need for your project using the advanced search and filtering options of our Seed Finder Tool:Species Overview. It grows better in saline conditions than in fresh water, and it tolerates a wide range of salinity. 50 % Lobelia siphilitica, PA Ecotype Great Blue Lobelia, PA Ecotype 384. This species usually occurs in poorly drained soil. Ripening dates for softstem bulrush seeds vary from early August through mid October and I harvest them by pulling or cutting the fruit clusters from the stem. Native Wetland Plants. Kartesz, J. Add to Project. Genus. Cuban bulrush has also been recorded in Louisiana (first recorded in 1944), Texas (1958), Georgia (1994), and Mississippi (2001;. The bulrush as a species has two types of leaves and they are either well-developed or blade-like. spp. 2 Spring. Hardstem bulrush, softstem bulrush, chair-maker’s rush, and bayonet rush are common dominants. Leaf blades reduced to scales. 15. University of Michigan Press, page 124 View all documented uses for Schoenoplectus. Scirpus validus) is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known by the common names softstem bulrush, grey club-rush, and great. It is useful for wildlife as cover and a food source for wetland birds and muskrats. stated in. The fruits are a small brownish colored achene (tiny, sunflower-shaped, and hard). It grows in fresh and brackish water, tolerating a good level of salt, and in acid or alkaline conditions. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral. Southern bulrush is a bulrush sedge from knotty rhizomes; stems to 10 ft. Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Bulrush stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. On the heels of Sonia Uyterhoeven’s informative series on post-hurricane garden recovery, Jody Payne, the Director of both our Rock Garden and the soon-to-reopen Native Plant Garden, offers a listing of hardy and salt-tolerant plants. 62 0. 5% Panic-um 3. 00 0. Virginia Wild Rye, PA Ecotype . 75 each : Sisyrinchium, blue-eyed grass: 1G / 6" 300 avail: $3. 3204567. Factors affecting growth of softstem bulrush (Scirpus validus), an obligate wetland plant frequently used in subsurface-flow constructed wetlands in North America, were studied in a controlled environmental chamber. They areFoods Indigenous to the Western Hemisphere Bulrush. 00 0. Scirpus acutus, Schoenoplectus lacustris, Scirpus lacustris subsp. Flooding regimes are a primary influence on the wetland plant community. Bulrushes grow in wet locations, including ponds, marshes, and lakes. Bailey's Sedge. [Marsh blue violet] V. Hardstem bulrush is a dominant emergent on moist and saturated sites in the northern plains and prairie states [13,40,54,72]. Scirpus atrovirens, PA Ecotype Green Bulrush, PA Ecotype Bunch-type species; provides cover for wildlife in wet areas. 00 0. C. Species: Green Bulrush, PA Ecotype. [Three-square bulrush] S. Botanical Name: Scirpus validus. A colony on the edge of Strubel Lake in southeast PA in August 2015. $$1. Description: Triangular stems in loose groupings. 5-3 m. Establishment. ), soft-stemmed rush (Juncus. us. Scirpus acutus, PA Ecotype $ 432. ECOSYSTEMS : FRES17 Elm -. However, softstem bulrush stands can be reduced if prolonged draining and flooding continuously occurs. Location: Marshes, shorelines, sand and gravel bars, shallow waters up to 8 feet deep. 28 0. 0% carex 200% Elymus 10. It is native on the Hawaiian islands of Niihau, Oahu, Molokai, and Hawaii []. This great bulrush can grow into large colonies in the mud or in water several feet deep in marshes, lakes, and streams. Hop Sedge. 00 1. The culms are upright or curved with no obvious leaf blades. The first record of Cuban bulrush in the U. Food. Softstem Bulrush Chippewa - Food, Unspecified Use documented by: Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 320 View all documented uses for Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K. Softstem Bulrush (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani) - 1 Gallon Pot; One of if no the tallest and fastest growing among the rushes, Softstem Bulrush, also known as Great Bulrush, is a North American native. SCIENTIFIC SYNONYMS:Schoenoplectus lacustris (L. Species. Scirpus validus) is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known by the common names softstem bulrush, grey club-rush, and great bulrush. Cuban bulrush has also been recorded in Louisiana (first recorded in 1944), Texas (1958), Georgia (1994), and Mississippi (2001;. Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known by the common names. This sedge looks very much like another tall native sedge, Scirpus validus, soft-stem bulrush. 00% . 0% Scirpus cyperinus, PA Ecotype (Woolgrass, PA Ecotype) 0. Summary 2 Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (syn. Softstem Bulrush Scirpus validus Family: Cyperaceae. The tops of the plants on the edge of Strubel Lake in se PA in August 2015. X X X X Wild Rice Zizania palustris X X WETLAND EMERGENTS Sweet flag Acorus calamus X Water arum Calla palustris X X Sedge Carex aquatilis X Sedge Carex sp. Clear dominance of great bulrush (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani), and/or great bulrush (Schoenoplectus acutus) Found in a variety of wetland settings, most commonly in quiet-water areas along the shores of ponds, lakes, rivers, and larger streams, but also in flooded basins and ditches. 30 % Carex stricta, PA Ecotype Tussock Sedge, PA Ecotype 672. 00 0. Bladder (Star) Sedge. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by Wind. BIOLOGY-NATURAL HISTORY: The northeastern bulrush is a perennial member of the Sedge Family (Cyperaceae). Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani Excellent for Wetland Wildlife. Ecotype (this is meant primarily for experimentally derived For the purpose of O. Great Bulrush is a member of the Cyperaceae family which includes the genera Carex, Eleocharis and Scirpus. Gmel. [Violet] V. By Adam Benfer. Plugs. Bulrush can be found in wet meadows, swamps, shallow pond edges and muddy areas. This plant is a part of a family of plants called sedges and is a perennial. It is one of only three plant species in Pennsylvania listed as a federally endangered species by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. tabernaemontani) was seeded in the KTW;. Look in the phone book under ”United States. PLANTFILES. Kingdom. Hardstem Bulrush, PA Ecotype, Scirpus acutus, PA Ecotype seed. Plan for Winter Pond. Look in the phone book under ”United States. Ideal conditions for bulrush establishment include gently sloping shorelines, hard and sandy substrate and protection from wind and wave action. Install at waterline to 6. Rhizomatous species; provides spawning grounds for bluegills and largemouth bass in shallow water; source of food and cover for waterfowl. softstem bulrush Interesting Notes. Aquatic and Invasive Plant Identification Series by the UF/IFAS Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants ( ) and the Florida Fish an. Carex intumescens. Source Large Mammals Small Mammals Water Birds Terrestrial Birds; Miller: Moderate: Cover. Sowing: Direct sow either in late fall or early spring. Sparganium eurycarpum, PA Ecotype (Giant Bur Reed, PA Ecotype) Juncus effusus (Soft Rush) Leersia oryzoides, PA Ecotype (Rice Cutgrass, PA Ecotype) Carex crinita, PA Ecotype (Nodding Sedge, PA Ecotype) Scirpus atrovirens, PA Ecotype (Green Bulrush, PA Ecotype) Scirpus cyperinus, PA Ecotype (Woolgrass, PA Ecotype) AREA. GENERAL BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Common rivergrass is an emergent, perennial, rhizomatous cool-season grass which grows 2. OBL . Species: OBL Wetland Mix. Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, also known as Great Bulrush or Softstem Bulrush, is a magnificent wetland plant that boasts both aesthetic and ecological appeal. cyperinus [Woolgrass] Droseraceae [Sundew family] Drosera [Sundew]Bulrush Marsh System: Palustrine Subsystem: Herbaceous PA Ecological Group(s): Marsh Wetland Global Rank: GNR State Rank: S3 General Description These are communities dominated by soft-stem bulrush (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani), and/or hard-stem bulrush (Schoenoplectus acutus), or less commonly threesquare (Schoenoplectus. imported from Wikimedia project. Ernst Conservation Seeds 9006 Mercer Pike Meadville, PA 16335 (800) 873-3321 Fax (814) 336-5191 Date: October 12, 2015 Storm Water Seed Mix - ERNMX-J-OIO Hardstem Bulrush, PA Ecotype. 62 per plug - Sold in full flats only. Note: Do not plant these commercially available17. The central culm is more or less erect and usually curved slightly to one side. 2015) but were still relatively high. 60 4. Scirpus validus) is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known by the common names softstem bulrush and great bulrush. This bulrush produces its most striking effect when massed on shores and pond edges. Scirpus validus, PA Ecotype Softstem Bulrush, PA Ecotype Rhizomatous species; provides spawning grounds for fish in shallow water; source of food for waterfowl and muskrats. 10 % Alisma subcordatum, PA Ecotype Mud Plantain, PA Ecotype 192. 0% Leersia o' 0. It is common in freshwater marshes of north and central Florida. paludosus (Synonyms: Bolboschoenus maritimus, Scirpus maritimus, Scirpus maritimus var. Schoenoplectus fluviatilis . 50 % Mimulus ringens, PA Ecotype Square Stemmed Monkeyflower, PA Ecotype 216. 0. org Dues $20/Year 0. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. Scirpus validus) is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known by the common names softstem bulrush and great bulrush. Hardstem bulrush grows on firm bottoms; softstem bulrush grows on mud bottoms. 60 2. The central culm is more or less erect and usually curved slightly to one side. It is quite variable in appearance. Chiltoskey. Habitat: Marshes, streams, ponds, and lakeshores . ) as the biosorbent. Roots of this bulrush can be ground into flour, and young roots and young shoots can be eaten raw or cooked. Leaves are limited to small, brown scales near the base of the stems. Soft Stem Bulrush was reported as edible and reputed to serve as a thirst-quencher; the boiled young roots yield sweet syrup. The bulrushes are grass-like plants, growing in clumps in wet meadows, swamps, shores, and in. Establishment. S. Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (syn. 20 0. No plants died in the Low treatment, while 13, 12, and 13 plants died in the 4 High/4 Low, 4 High/4 Dry, and High treatments, respectively. Sm. The effects of various parameters including contact time, biosorbent dosage, ionic strength and solution pH on the biosorption were investigated. Habitat: Wetlands, marshes, stream banks. Find the exact seeds you need for your project using the advanced search and filtering options of our Seed Finder Tool: Species Characteristics. Soft-stem bulrush Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani is a tall, perennial, herbaceous plant that grows up to ten feet tall. 30 % Scirpus atrovirens, PA Ecotype Green Bulrush, PA Ecotype 144. We recommend that local ecotype seeds (i. 30 % Scirpus atrovirens, PA Ecotype Green Bulrush, PA Ecotype 144. Hardstem bulrush grows in firm, sandy soil while softstem requires thick, soft silt in which to live. It may occur in combinationof wild rice, softstem bulrush, and pickerelweed, often covering extensive areas. ECOSYSTEMS : FRES37 Mountain meadows FRES38 Plains grasslands FRES39 Prairie FRES41 Wet grasslands STATES : AZ AR CA CO CT DE ID. S (Torrey's bulrush). Aquatic macrophytes such as pickerelweed, pondweeds, and water-lilies may be25. C. Flora of Pennsylvania. pH conditions. 00 0. This plant prefers areas with full or partial sun, wet. 5 mm long. 106 It has been reported at elevations up to 4000 feet (1200 m). Contact Us; Register; Donate. 5% Scirpus atrovirens, PA Ecotype (Green Bulrush, PA Ecotype) 0. The smooth stems are up to one inch wide at the base, gradually tapering. Scirpus validus, PA Ecotype Softstem Bulrush, PA Ecotype Rhizomatous species; provides spawning grounds for fish in shallow water; source of food for waterfowl and muskrats. Scirpus americanus, PA Ecotype Threesquare Bulrush, PA Ecotype Rhizomatous species; provides spawning grounds for bluegills and largemouth bass in shallow water; source of food and cover for waterfowl. Add to Project. Hardstem Bulrush, PA Ecotype. Botanical Name: Scirpus validus. It is usually found in large colonies in marshy areas. and a leaf-feeding beetle (Galerucella calmariensis). and Echinochloa crus-galli, was operated for dairy wastewater treatment. Common Name: Softstem Bulrush, Great Bulrush. The macrophytes growing in constructed wetlands have several properties in relation to the treatment process that make them an essential component of the design.